Scott KnightCreated with HotDog Pro v6.0
This page contains the engineering information related to driveshaft design. The inputs are shaft dimensions and material properties. I am not quite finished figuring out what interface I like best but will be working on it some in the next few days. So, don't fret if you stop by another time and it looks completely different. As always, I am open to suggestions for anything here. The important part was to get the formulas up and working. It is all written in JavaScript and should work in Netscape 2+ and IE 4+. Since I don't use IE, I can't vouch for it's compatibility...so if it doesn't work with your browser, you know what to do (hint: click here).
In order to use this calculator, just change any number in the inputs section and either hit enter or click your mouse in a different place. The boxes all work on the 'onChange' method and will update the outputs whenever you change one of the input values immediately. The radio buttons under the material selection set the material and thickness values for those common materials. If you have any to add or want to see beyond what I have, let me know since they are very easy to add in.
Modulus of Elasticity:
The Modulus of Elasticity is a material property that describes the strength of the material. The formal description is the stress that it would take to stretch a piece of the material to twice it's length (realizing that of course in the real world very few materials will deform anywhere near that far without breaking).
Critical Speed:
This is the probably the most influential factor in driving the purchase of an aftermarket driveshaft. The critical speed of a spinning shaft is described as the lowest speed which excites the shaft at it's natural frequency of vibration. This will cause the shaft to bend under the stress of vibration coupled with the centrifugal forces due to the rotation. In english, this means the shaft will vibrate very badly and possibly take a permanent bend (if not destroy the car in the process) as the critical speed is exceeded. If you use the calculator to predict the critical speed of a shaft, you can clearly see that lighter materials with higher modulus of elasticity give higher critical speeds. So do larger diameter shafts with thinner material thicknesses. Unfortunately, there is a limit to the diamter of shaft you can put in the car, so stronger lighter materials were developed to make stronger and faster spinning shafts. Just to get a handle on the speed a driveshaft turns, use the 'Tire Stuff' calculator here (NOTE: just remember to set the transmission gear to 1 instead of .7 to get the engine rpm the same as the driveshaft rpm).
Torsional Yield:
This is the torque value that will cause damage to the shaft. So you could say it is basically the maximum torque rating. Remember that horsepower is just torque at a certain speed. There is a horsepower to torque conversion calculator here.
Density:
The density is the weight of the material in pounds per cubic inch for the.
Weight:
This is the weight of the tubing that makes the shaft and not the end yokes or u-joints. Keep in mind that the material selection will affect the type of end yokes since they are welded (i.e. 6061 and MMC shafts use lighter forged aluminum yokes than steel shafts). This makes it pretty difficult to predict the total weight of a shaft with this simple calculator.
ACPT makes very trick carbon fiber shafts.
Driveline Assembly Troubleshooting
Tutorial Page of Aerospace Structures (TuPAS) is fantastic reading if you want to brush up on a little physics and structure analysis.
Scott Knight